Risk Assessment & Safe Systesm Of Work

Whitelee Wind Farm is a Scottish Power facilities situated on Eaglesham Moor, some 17 miles from Glasgow city centre. This is the largest wind farm in Europe boasting 140 wind turbines. Scottish Power have introduce a guided tour of this site, where visitors are shown the turbines and the many ponds that a spread throughout the site. Some of the water from the ponds is used to supply the surrounding area with drinking water. Scottish Water who previously owned the moor stipulated that pollution of the water course was not acceptable, and if Scottish Power were to introduce a tour then a pollution free method of transport was required. Scottish power purchased one of three electric buses which were built for Strathclyde Public Transport (SPT) by Smiths Electric Vehicles. SPT never made full use of these buses. The bus used on the Whitelee site is powered by 54 lead acid gel batteries, arranged in two parallel banks of 27. These batteries are located within the bus chassis. Mechanically the bus is a standard design, with the typical front wishbone and rear trailing arm suspension. The braking system is air over hydraulic, incorporating an air activated spring loaded fail safe parking brake. It is the power-train that is powered by the lead acid gel batteries and the ancillary systems are powered by two 12V heavy duty commercial vehicle batteries which connected in series will give the required 24V to power the ancillary systems, Table 1 shows the power requirements and consumption rates of these components. Risk Assessment The following pages incorporate a hazard checklist, risk assessment and safe systems of work for the use of the bus at the Whitelee facility. The hazard checklist was completed to form a qualitative risk assessment highlighting the where and why an incident was likely to occur. The information gathered from the checklist was then used to compile the risk assessment. The risks were classified according the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of the possible injury. The risks were scored from 1 to 25, where 1 shows there is no inherent risk involved in the task, and 25 shows this task to be highly dangerous and could result in fatal or debilitating injury. The risk register has a copy of the scoring mechanism at the bottom of the page. From this a Safe System of Work was complied to sever as an aid memoir. This highlight the salient points of the risk register to ensure risk of injury is kept to a minimum. Safe System of Work In compiling any Safe System of Work, the following steps give a good example of what points need to be reviewed. * The task o What is the work being carried out o What specialist tools are used o Who will do the task * Hazards associated with the task o From tooling o From plant and other equipment o From substances * Risk Assessment o Assess risks arising from the task * Define a safe method of work o Break task down into individual parts o Specify safe method o Produce documented work instructions * Implementation & operation o Ensure members of staff carrying out the task are adequately trained o Record training o Carryout regular checks and re-assess as appropriate In the case of the bus, I have identified two different tasks, the first being the daily maintenance, the other being the actually driving of the bus on the tour. The hazards associated with the tasks are dependent on which task is being carried out. The following pages are exemplar Safe Systems of Work for the daily maintenance of the bus and for driving the bus on a tour.

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twenty-Nine

â€Å"You should be proud.† The Vitale Society pledges were lined up in the underground meeting room, just like they had been the first day when they removed their blindfolds. Under the arch in front of them, the Vitales in black masks watched quietly. Ethan paced among the pledges, eyes bright. â€Å"You should be proud,† he repeated. â€Å"The Vitale Society offered you an opportunity. The chance to become one of us, to join an organization that can give you great power, help you on your road to success.† Ethan paused and gazed at them. â€Å"Not al of you were worthy,† he said seriously. â€Å"We watched you, you know. Not just when you were here, or doing pledge events, but al the time. The candidates who couldn't cut it, who didn't merit joining our ranks, were eliminated.† Matt looked around. It was true, there were fewer of them now than there had been at their first meeting. That tal bearded senior who was some kind of biogenetics whiz was gone. A skinny blonde girl who Matt remembered doggedly grinding her way through the run wasn't there either. There were only ten pledges left. â€Å"Those of you who remain?† Ethan lifted his hands like he was giving them some kind of benediction. â€Å"At last it is time for you to be initiated, to ful y become members of the Vitale Society, to learn our secrets and walk our path.† Matt felt a little sWellof pride as Ethan smiled at them al . It felt like Ethan's eyes lingered longer on Matt than on the others, like his smile for Matt was just a bit warmer. Like Matt was, among al these exceptional pledges, special. Ethan started to walk through the crowd and talk again, this time about the preparations that needed to be made for their initiation. He asked a couple of pledges to bring roses and lilies to decorate the room – it sounded like he was expecting them to buy out a couple of flower stores – others to find candles. One person was assigned to buy a specific kind of wine. Frankly, it reminded Matt of Elena and the other girls planning a high school dance. â€Å"Okay,† Ethan said, indicating Chloe and a long-haired girl named Anna, â€Å"I'd like you two to go to the herb store and get yerba mata, guarana, hawthorn, ginseng, chamomile, and danshen. Do you want to write that down?† Matt perked up a little. Herbs were slightly more mystical and mysterious, befitting a secret society, although ginseng and chamomile just reminded him of the tea his mom drank when she had a cold. Ethan moved on from the girls, his eyes fixed on Matt, and Matt prepared to be sent in search of punch or ranch dip. But Ethan, locking eyes with Matt, inclined his head a little, indicating that Matt should join him a little apart from the rest of the group. Matt jogged over to meet Ethan, slightly intrigued. What couldn't Ethan say in front of the others? â€Å"I've got a special job for you, Matt,† Ethan said, rubbing his hands together in obvious pleasure at the prospect. â€Å"I want you to invite your friend Stefan Salvatore to join us.† â€Å"Sorry?† Matt said, confused. â€Å"To be a Vitale Society member,† Ethan explained. â€Å"We missed him when we selected candidates at the beginning of the year, but now that I've met him, I think – we think† – and he waved a hand at the quietly watching masked figures on the other side of the room – â€Å"that he would be an ideal fit for us.† Matt frowned. He didn't want to look like an idiot in front of Ethan, but something struck him as off about this. â€Å"But he hasn't done any of the pledge stuff. Isn't it too late for him to join this year?† Ethan smiled slightly, just a thin tilting of his lips. â€Å"I think we can make an exception for Stefan.† â€Å"But – † Matt began to protest, then instead smiled back at Ethan. â€Å"I'l cal him and see if he's interested,† he promised. Ethan patted him lightly on the back. â€Å"Thank you, Matt. You're a natural for Vitale, you know. I'm sure you can convince him.† As Ethan walked away, Matt watched him, wondering why the praise felt sour this time. It was because it didn't make sense, Matt decided, walking back to his dorm after the pledge meeting. What was so special about Stefan that Ethan had decided they had to have him pledge the Vitale Society now instead of just waiting til next year? Okay, yes: vampire – that was special about Stefan, but no one knew that. And he was handsome and sophisticated in that ever-so-slightly European way that had al the girls back in high school fal ing at his feet, but he wasn't that handsome, and there were plenty of foreign students on campus. Matt stopped stock-stil . Was he jealous? It wasn't fair, maybe, that Stefan could just waltz in and be immediately offered something that Matt had worked for, that Matt had thought was only his. But so what? It wasn't Stefan's fault if Ethan wanted to give him special treatment. Stefan was hurting after his breakup with Elena; maybe it would do him good to join the Vitale. And it would be fun to have one of his friends in the Society. Stefan deserved it, real y: he was brave and noble, a leader, even if there was no way Ethan and the others could have known that. Firmly pushing away any remaining niggle of not fair, Matt pul ed out his cel phone and cal ed Stefan. â€Å"Hey,† he said. â€Å"Listen, do you remember that guy Ethan?† â€Å"I guess I don't understand,† Zander said. His arm around Bonnie's shoulder was strong and solidly reassuring, and his T-shirt, where she had buried her face against him, smel ed of clean cotton and fabric softener. â€Å"What were you and your friends fighting about?† â€Å"The point is, they don't trust my judgment,† Bonnie said, wiping her eyes. â€Å"If it had been either of them, they wouldn't have been so quick to jump to conclusions.† â€Å"Conclusions about what?† Zander asked, but Bonnie didn't answer. After a moment, Zander reached out and ran one finger gently along her jawline and over her lips, his eyes intent on her face. â€Å"Of course you can stay here as long as you want to, Bonnie. I'm at your service,† he said in an oddly formal tone. Bonnie looked around Zander's room with interest. She'd never been here before; in fact, she'd had to cal him to find out what dorm he lived in, and how weird was that for a girlfriend to not know? But if she'd tried to picture what his room would be like, she would have assumed it would be messy and very guyish: old pizza boxes on the floor, dirty laundry, weird smel s. Maybe a poster with a half-naked girl on it. But, in fact, it was just the opposite. Everything was very bare and uncluttered: nothing on top of the school-issued dresser and desk, no pictures on the wal s or rug on the floor. The bed was neatly made. The single bed. That they were both sitting on. Her and her boyfriend. Bonnie felt a flush rise up over her face. She silently cursed her habit of blushing – she was sure that even her ears were bright red. She'd just asked her boyfriend if she could move into his room. And sure, he was gorgeous and lovely and kissing him was probably the most amazing experience of her life so far, but she'd just started kissing him last night. What if he thought she was suggesting something more? Zander was eyeing her thoughtful y as Bonnie blushed. â€Å"You know,† he said, â€Å"I can sleep on the floor. I'm not – um – expecting – † He broke off and now he was blushing, too. The sight of flustered Zander immediately made Bonnie feel better. She patted him on the arm. â€Å"I know,† she said. â€Å"I told Meredith and Elena you were a good guy.† Zander frowned. â€Å"What? Do they think I'm not?† When Bonnie didn't answer, he slowly released her, leaning back to take a close look at her face. â€Å"Bonnie? When you had this big fight with your friends, were you fighting about me?† Bonnie shrugged, wrapping her arms around herself. â€Å"Okay. Wow.† Zander ran a hand through his hair. â€Å"I'm sorry. I know Elena and I didn't real y hit it off, but I'm sure we'l get along better when we get to know each other. This wil al blow over then. It's not worth it to stop being friends with them.† â€Å"It's not – † Tears sprang into Bonnie's eyes. Zander was being so sweet, and he had no idea how Elena and Meredith had wronged him. â€Å"I can't tel you,† she said. â€Å"Bonnie?† Zander pul ed her closer. â€Å"Don't cry. It can't be that bad.† Bonnie began to cry harder, tears streaming down her cheeks, and he held on to her. â€Å"Just tel me,† he said. â€Å"It's not that they just don't like you, Zander,† she said between sobs. â€Å"They think you might be the kil er.† â€Å"What? Why?† Zander recoiled, almost leaping across the bed away from her, his face white and shocked. Bonnie explained what Meredith thought she saw, her impression of Zander's hair beneath the hoodie of the attacker she chased off. â€Å"Which is so unfair,† she finished, â€Å"because even if she did see what she thought she saw, it's not like you're the only person with real y light blond hair on campus. They're being ridiculous.† Zander sucked in a long breath, his eyes wide, and sat stil and silent for a few seconds. Then he reached out and put a gentle hand under Bonnie's chin, turning her face so they were gazing straight into each other's eyes. â€Å"I would never hurt you, Bonnie,† he said slowly. â€Å"You know me, you see me. Do you think I'm a kil er?† â€Å"No,† Bonnie said, her eyes fil ing with tears. â€Å"I don't. I never did.† Zander leaned forward and kissed her, his lips soft against hers, as if they were sealing some kind of pact. Bonnie closed her eyes and leaned into the kiss. She was fal ing in love with Zander, she knew. And, despite the fact that he had run off so suddenly last night, just before Samantha's murder, she was sure he could never be a kil er.

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Discuss the reasons why activity-based costing may be preferred to traditional absorption costing in the modern manufacturing environment - Essay Example This paper discusses the various reasons why most firms use activity-based costing methods over the tradition absorption method. There are mainly two costing methods used by companies in different manufacturing environment that include absorption and activity-based costing techniques (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2011). The Modern Manufacturing Environment involves the use of modern technology in the manufacturing industry. The use of technology enables organisations to reduce the cost of labour and increase production rates. In addition, modern manufacturing environment entails production of large volumes of goods at a cost, which promotes the companys profitability. The primary characteristics of a modern manufacturing environment include the following. First, the manufacturing environment entails an intense competition internationally. Most of the firms that operate on modern manufacturing environment experience high levels of competition on an international platform. For example, companies operating in the automobile industry experience great competition internationally, which require them to reduce production cost in order to initiate cost, based competition strategies (Lembersky and Lembersky, 2005). Secondly, the modern manufacturing environment involves rapid innovation in production. Production innovation is essential in establishing cost effective production methods such as automation of the production line and use of digital systems to reduce the cost of power and labour (Frost, 2005). Thirdly, the environment involves the use of automated machinery, which minimises the cost of labour. Automation of the production line ensures that most of the operations of the company rely on technology, which reduces the cost of production (Lembersky and Lembersky, 2005). Finally, production in a modern manufacturing environment involves

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Does the ultra vires doctrine provide the best justification for judicial review in the British constitution - Essay Example Accordingly, the preservation of separation of powers is essential as a check on autocratic power. As such, the doctrine of ultra vires is theoretically vital in serving as a testament to the independence of the judiciary in its role under the fundamental constitutional separation of powers in ensuring that public bodies, such as government departments, local authorities, tribunals, agencies have not acted ultra vires5. Moreover, the ultra vires doctrine is cited as the first principle of natural justice and the rule of law that public bodies are required to act within the scope of the powers allocated to them by Parliament6. The incorporation of the European Convention of the Human Rights (implemented through the Human Rights Act 1998) further requires judicial review to ensure that public authorities do not â€Å"act in a way which is incompatible with a convention right7†. Indeed, Doctor Yardley asserts that judicial review is â€Å"the ultimate safeguard for the ordinary citizen against unlawful action by †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the more powerful administration8†. Alternatively it has been argued that the ultra vires doctrine is inherently limited by enabling a process by which courts scrutinise and consider the validity of the manner in which public authorities have made a decision9. The essence of judicial review is to ensure that public authorities act appropriately in exercising their duty10 regardless of the merits of the decision, which in itself begs the question as to the efficacy of the judiciary’s role under the separation of powers to truly act as a curb on the legitimacy of abuses of power by the executive11. This is further compounded by the fact that the judiciary has evolved and expanded the parameters of the ultra vires doctrine on an ad hoc basis in order to circumvent the inherent limitations of judicial review12.

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Add introduction and conclusion - Essay Example The business world has embraced Microsoft as a boon in the business word especially the effectiveness of Microsoft excel and Microsoft word, which has made business operations easier, manageable, and accurate. Microsoft has contributed to the business world and shaped the face of the modern business primarily through its major creation called Windows and such products as Word and Excel, and it also shaped the Internet and internet-related practices as people know them now. Since the creation of Windows 1.0, Microsoft has dominated the lives of people not only in daily life but also in business life. Nowadays, Windows is on ninety percent of the worlds desktops including those in offices. The creation of Windows granted people, including business people, easier and faster access to the Internet. True to what Bill Gates posits, the Internet makes the world smaller (Sparacio, 2010). Just as personal relationships are all about connections and connectedness, establishment of business relations is through connecting to individuals, other businesses, and economy in general. These connections go a mile in maintaining the thriving of the business. Thus, staying connected has its business value. I nternet is responsible for the Modern and the most advanced mode of connecting. Regardless of location, small, medium-sized and large, corporate businesses connect to one another by means of the Internet, which effectively and efficiently substitutes phone calls and faxes and often eliminates a necessity to pay visits in person. The global net allows businesspersons to organize international meetings in a form of web conferences, discuss business matters in chats, or study the companies’ profiles on networks like LinkedIn, Facebook, etc. Gate sees the Internet as the center of attention for businesses around the globe. In the years ahead, the Internet will have an even more profound effect on the way we work, live, and learn† (Sparacio,

Risks in the Project Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risks in the Project Management - Case Study Example The author of the paper states that project management helps avoid problems associated with the project (Reiss, 2007, p.2). Hence in order to accomplish a project successfully role of a project manager is significant (Gido and Clements, 2008, p.303). In general, a project is faced with three constraints result, budget and time (Thomsett, 2009, p.7). Therefore to overcome these limitations the control process must have to strong. The case entails about two companies namely ACME fabricators and Arbor industries. ACME fabricator is in the process of setting their new factory and office at a semi-semi-rural. The company is socially responsible and would like their premises to be cleaner and greener. Hence in order to carry out landscaping activities, the company invited tender. Arbor industries, a company involved in the activities of landscaping was selected for the project. In order to ensure representations from both the sides Arbor has appointed a project manager to administer the wh ole process while the finance manager of ACME was given the role of overseeing the project. The project was running smoothly until the newly leveled lawns got damaged due to heavy vehicles. Due to this phenomenon, the first meeting between the two parties took place to decide the issue pertaining to damaging of the lawn. However, to sort out the issue there were verbal agreements between the two representatives. As things started to roll on smoothly, the finance manager suddenly left the company. The new representative who came from the side of ACME was unaware of the verbal contracts and several other internal matters. This has led to huge confusions between the two companies and created dissatisfaction. Nevertheless, the project ended before the deadline but with an exceeding budget. After the completion of the project, the senior executives found that the results were unsatisfactory, and did not resemble the proposed sketch. The next half of the report will discuss the issues rai sed in the case. A post-project review is necessary for the evaluation of project performance (Hedeman, Haren & Heemst, 2006, p.103). In this context, it will mainly sort out differences between the two parties. A post-project review is defined as the ultimate formal evaluation of the project that examines any new lessons which might benefit the future projects (Zedtwitz, 2002, p.256). How would you set about conducting such a review? The assessment is about examining what went wrong with the project and what can be done to enhance the quality of future projects.  

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AT&T sales management plan - BODY ONLY no abstract or conclusions - Term Paper Example The AT&T organization holds workshops for the different managers in the organization. These workshops enable them to acquire adequate skills in using the sophisticated equipment the organization sells. The management is also able to have a feel of what their customers require. The organization should focus on a few areas such as increasing their negotiations for sales with their customers. They should use online training to enhance support among their users’ performances. The sales team should also been assigned with the task of tracking the results of their sales and reporting them to the organizations management. This will in turn enable the management to make improvements on the products that are performing dismally. The sales team will rely on building more stable and accountable relationships with their customers to ensure their sales remain high. The organization has entered into an agreement with other producers of technology to improve on their product’s quality. This ensures that their sales and profitability levels remain high (Still, Cundiff and Govoni, 2006). An example of such an agreement was entered into with Cisco systems, which was meant to create products that were compatible with their widely used technologies. They should enter into similar agreements in future to enhance their productivities and profitability. The sales management is charged with the responsibilities of planning, controlling, directing and staffing the sales team activities. They are left to plan the strategies the team will use in order to accomplish the organizations objectives. This is because the sales team mingles directly with the customers and understands their needs better. They are left to control the teams activities to ensure their activities reach a wider market. The sales team has experience in the field and should employ methods that increase the

Representation of ethics in the stage dramas of Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Representation of ethics in the stage dramas of Pakistan Essay It is a sad reality that : vulgarity and obscenity has corrupted our theaters as commercialization has become their main motive , this paper discusses these issues. Stage dramas are related to our society and culture, they were the part of our society and will remain, however modern changes have taken place . Dances and vulgar comments have no positive impact on our society and they fail to depict our culture. Background Indrasabha In 1855, the enactment of the play Indrasabha (the Heavenly Court of Indra) written by Agha Hasan Amanat Ali in the courtyard of the last Nawab of Oudh, Wajid Ali Shah, marked the beginning of Urdu theatre. The drama dealt with the love story between a fairy and a prince. The Nawab, who was a Kathak dancer and had written theses on stage techniques, composed some of the songs and choreographed the dances for the play. It was a huge success. Its characters (Sabaz Pari (Green Fairy), Kala Deo (Black Devil) and Lal Deo (Red Devil)) live on as a part of the vocabulary of the South Asia. Post Independence theater Pakistani literature The distinct voice of Pakistani literature came soon after the Partition of India in 1947. Since there were many cultural similarities, Urdu and English Literature was inherited by this new state. Over due course, a literature which was somewhat uniquely Pakistani has emerged in every province. Initially the plays were all about the independence and the atrocities committed on the Muslims by the Hindus and Sikhs but this gradually began to change and the current trend is specifically Pakistani venturing into many different genres. Saadat Hasan Manto Main article: Saadat Hasan Manto Manto is arguably the most influential Urdu writer of the 20th century. He was one of the most controversial as well. His work is comparable with D. H. Lawrence. This comparison is made because like Lawrence he also wrote about the topics considered social taboos of his Society. He addressed topics ranging from the socio-economic injustice prevailing in pre- and post-colonial South Asia; he stirred up quite a fury when he wrote about controversial topics of love, sex, incest, prostitution and the typical hypocrisy of a traditional South Asian male. In dealing with these topics, he wasnt careful to conceal any of the facts and clearly showed the true state of affairs. His short stories were often intricately structured, with vivid satire and a good sense of humor. Manto was a well known film writer of the Indian cinema and was making good money. He however, chose to abandon his lucrative career and migrated to Pakistan. In the seven years that Manto lived in Lahore he continuously struggled for survival. However, he proved to be a productive individual who gave some of his best writings to the literary world regardless of his domestic situation. It was in Lahore that he wrote many of his best known works. Manto was primarily known for his short stories of the South Asia, great literature out of the events relating to the Partition of India. The literature, which came out of the period that followed, is considered to have been progressive in its tone and spirit. According to several critics it had not only evolved its own identity, but also had played a significant role in documenting the hardships and hopes of Pakistan in the latter part of the 20th century. Manto also wrote plays and many of his stories have been successfully adapted for the stage. Some of his characters have become legends in the minds of theatregoers. Farrukh Nigar Aziz The daughter of Abdul Aziz Falakpaima, Farrukh Nigar Aziz was a known literary figure even before the partition. She and her sisters were educated along liberal styles of education. These women received opportunities that were somewhat of a rarity in their day. Formal education for Muslim women and having a career in the arts or performing arts was considered to be unrespectable. Types of theatre The general complaint in conservative circles is that commercial theatre is lowbrow and thrives on obscene dialogue and dances. The fact is that at least three departments are tasked with monitoring the activities of commercial theatre. From the Punjab Arts Council, which is responsible for vetting the scripts to District Coordination Officers, who are authorized to monitor the screening of plays, to the Home Department that actually takes action against producers, directors, artistes and theatre owners, the dice is loaded against entertainment at every step. Local theatre Commercial theatre is surviving this accusation and, in some cases, even thriving this shows that people want entertainment and are prepared to watch plays despite the hazards of doing so. Just like any demand and supply situation, since there is a demand there will be a supply. The arrival of commercial theatre in Lahore was in the early 1980s. The joint efforts of Naheed Khanum, Amanullah, Mastana and Baboo Baral ushered in the art the lively dialogues and innovative style was like a breath of fresh air for the citizens. The initial venue for the staging of these plays was Alhamra but a replacement venue had to be sought once Alhamra closed down for renovations in 1981-1982. Each and every script has to be cleared by the Punjab Arts Council (PAC). Lahore has five private (Tamaseel, Mehfil, Naz, Crown and Alfalah) and a government theatre (Alhamra). The moral brigades claims of vulgarity and calls for closure of commercial theatre have become common in Gujranwala, Faislabad, Multan and Sahiwal. Most of the complaints originate from a small community of zealots while the majority of people enjoy the performances. In Lahore, most of the audience come from other cities. The theatres are packed on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. A stage play usually runs for 16 days and earns around two million rupees in that time. Tickets cost from Rs. 200 to Rs. 1,000. Training institutions Punjab Lok Rahs Main article: Punjab Lok Rahs  Punjab Lok Rahs started working as an independent alternative theater group in 1986. The group has seen a number of upheavals both internal and external during its history. On average, the group has held a performance every fortnight since its creation. It started as a group of young men and women, primarily students, that was concerned with the military oppression of arts and cultural activities in Pakistan. The group cherished a society that has gender equity and democratic values, respects all humans and offers equal economic opportunities to all. Rahs believes in organized and conscious efforts to realize this dream. Theater is its medium. Rahs experience in the art of theater is very deep as well. From staging classical epics to quick response street skits and from working out foreign adaptations to improvising ones with community and from performing at overseas festivals to villages and urban slums, Rahs has touched upon a host of issues. Rahs canvas is very wide and diverse as it has dealt with subjects like child marriage and womens right to marry of their free will and staged plays against arms race and military dictatorship. Besides experimentation and experience, Rahs has learned theater from its gurus like Badal Sarkar. Its members have received training from many institutions in other countries. The group has imparted theater training to a number of civil society organizations as well. It has supported scores of other organizations by performing for the communities with which they work. Rahs draws inspiration from Punjabs indigenous theater tradition. Its name ‘Rahs is the Punjabi word for local form of theater and its logo shows the basic props of this theater. The group aims to marry the tradition with modern techniques and concepts and make it an effective tool in the hands of organizations working for social change. Rahs performs plays only in the mother language of its audience the people of Punjab. The group believes that the mother language lies at the heart of the issue of cultural identity. The group not only performs but also trains other dramatic societies and community organizations to do theater as an art and use it as an effective tool of communication. The Rafi Peer Theater workshop is named after Rafi Peer one of the pioneers and founders of Modern Urdu and Punjabi Drama in the Ind-Pak Subcontinent. The Theater workshop was founded in 1974 by Salmaan Peerzada and his brothers Usmaan Imraan Sadaan Faizaan and his sisters Kausar and Tasneem Peerzada. The Theater Workshops aim was to bring social and cultural change through the Arts. The theater workshops first Production was Culture Culture. An avant grade theater experiment for its time. It was an effort at creating original contemporary drama in Pakistan. The Play was Performed both in Lahore and Karachi. It was Created and Directd by Salmaan Peerzada, Starring Kursheed Shahid, Perin Cooper,Salman Shahid, Rubina Saigol, Imraan Peerzada and Samina Peerzada. Over past three decades the Rafi Peer theater workshop has produced diverse and amazing body of work in Drama, Puppetry, Dance, Music, besides this it hosts four major Art Festivals. Rafi Peer theater workshop has done enormous service for performing Arts in Pakistan, by supporting Artists and the Arts.

Model Law on International Contracting Essay Example for Free

Model Law on International Contracting Essay Introduction E-commerce in commodity goods has existed for decades. Electronic contracts provided a new mechanism to form a relationship via Internet and now we see many commodity products being exchanged daily on the Web. The contract can respond not only to the parties but to changing conditions of some kind and then inform the parties of these new events or conditions. The electronic contract, in other words, connects the parties to each other and, if desired, to other people and to other sources of information in ways that are difficult to imagine with paper. Time, like space, seems to be out of place or even absent in the internet environment. Consequently, different jurisdictions and different laws have challenged some contract issues. Therefore, with the advent of the Web as the new commercial medium, traders and buyers alike should be aware of some basic principles of contract formation and how they apply to Web transactions. Mostly, the approved rules of paper contract continue to hold up in a purely internet exchange between parties to an agreement. The law does, however, draw the line at certain kinds of transactions which must be fulfilled. It is important before considering the particularities of the online world, to take a step back and examine contractual formation via Internet which is the background against which the relevant rules to the online world were established. Today all developed countries try to create a uniform commercial code for business over the Internet. The purpose of this is to design a uniform legal structure for electronic commercial bargains world-wide. Steps in this direction have been taken by the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Contracting, English Law, and the CISG Convention, which has developed a â€Å"model law on electronic commerce† for international contracts in electronic commerce. This work will consider rules and standards for electronic contract performance, define what constitutes valid electronic writing and the acceptability of electronic signatures for legal and commercial purposes under abovementioned laws. It will also discuss the main forms of contracts via Internet and define problems that appeared in the formation of electronic contract today. 3. Formation of contract over Internet 3. 1 The offer 3. 1. 1 Under English Law In English law an internet contract via a website is formed after an offer a determinate indication of the terms on which the offeror is prepared to be legally bound is accepted by the offeree the person to whom the offer has been made . If the email of acceptance does not vary the terms fixed in the email of offer, a contract will be formed by the second email. An offer may be to the world in general in which case anyone may accept it or to a particular person in which case only they can accept it . At English law, a contract is concluded when an offer is accepted. Although this rule appears simple, there have been many conflicts over how to distinguish and identify invitations to treat, offers and acceptances. English common law traditionally classifies an offer as a statement by one party of his or her willingness to enter into a contract on stated terms, provided that these terms are accepted by the party to whom the offer is addressed; whereas an invitation to treat is simply an expression of willingness to enter into discussion which, it is hoped, will lead to the conclusion of a contract at a later date . Therefore advertisement of goods on the website will come only to an invitation to treat. Only when a buyer notifies about his intention to buy something from the site, the offer will only be formed. After this the seller can accept or refuse that offer. Under English Law an offer must be clear and complete and afford a distinct indication of the offeror’s intents . The offer must contemplate acceptance and a consequent obligation or obligations. An advertisement is considered as a mere invitation to do business and it is not an offer. An offeror is legally bound by the terms of the contract once his offer is accepted; while one who makes an invitation to treat is clearly free to accept (and thus form a contract) or to reject any offers that result from it, without any legal consequences.

Effect of Alliances and Rivalries on the Economy

Effect of Alliances and Rivalries on the Economy Modern World Economy Alliances and rivalries Introduction Historically, we dwelt in a structured â€Å"†¦competitive world of rivalry between states, [where] each has had to look to its own ends and use any means available to satisfy them.† (P.J. Taylor, 2002) (Bracket’s added). However, since the end of the Cold War, this position changed significantly. In his third foreign policy speech, delivered in Georgetown, USA, Tony Blair identified that in the modern economic world, â€Å"you cant have a coherent view of national interest today without a coherent view of the international community.† However, is such a position attainable when one considers the alliances and rivalries that exist with world economies? The purpose of this paper is to study the global phenomenon of alliances and rivalries and the effect they have upon four key structures of the world’s economy. Production Since the birth of the Information and digital technology era in the 1970’s, the world has witnessed a steadily increasing movement towards commercial globalisation, a term referring to the international spread of production and technology (Castells, 2001). The first to recognise the value of globalisation were developed countries such as the US and UK. This move was driven by a desire for reduction in labour and production costs. Developed countries took advantage of these reduced costs to set up global production structures through alliances with emerging nations. International alliances, creating global productions structures for business, have become commonplace. For example, in the automobile industry, corporations such as DaimlerChrysler have invested heavily in production plants in the Far East, for instance India where it has an 86% stake in a production business (Editorial, 1999). Many other industries are operating in the same way, with either full, or component production outside of their native location. Internationally, the development of free trade of this nature is encouraged. The WTO[1] briefing (2006, p.11) states, â€Å"it allows resources to be used more appropriately and effectively for production.† However, politically international production structures have also become a problem. Lower production costs in the Far East and emerging countries, and the potential damage they are doing to the economies of developed countries, has led to the setting up of limited nations rival trade agreements, such as NAFTA[2] (Atkinson, 2003), which helps to protect the economies of the member countries from production areas such as the Far East and Europe. Such rivalry even exists between the emerging nations themselves (Borrus, M, Ernst, D. and Haggard, S. 2000). Knowledge As global production structures have changed, the structure of technological and scientific knowledge has begun to impact upon it. In fact, as Martin Shaw (1999) suggests â€Å"The rise of the so-called knowledge economy has meant that economists have been challenged to look beyond labour and capital as the central factors of production.† In the initial stages of the globalisation, the sharing of technological and scientific knowledge of the developed countries was promoted in the interest of improvement of quality and production systems. West cooperated in knowledge alliances with East to satisfy commercial aims. However, as the knowledge structure countries such as Japan, India, Taiwan and China, began to rapidly improve, the structure of these alliances has changed. At the business level, and in an attempt to both protect and increase their profit agenda, corporations increasingly claimed â€Å"intellectual rights over new discoveries [and][3] licensing use of this knowledge to others.† Martin Shaw (1999). Such rivalry is continuing despite the fact that it appears to be widening the â€Å"knowledge† gap between the richest and poorest nations. Finance Perhaps the most complex structures within world economies are those that relate to finances. Instability within this area of an economy can have a dramatic effect upon a nation’s economic position, as was witnessed in Mexico in 1994 (Michael Pettis 2001) when it was forced to devalue its currency. As Pettis identifies, much of this stability is reliant upon investor confidence and belief. Once this has been damaged or exhausted, economic crisis can result. To combat this, nations have sought financial alliances. The most well known of these occurred in Europe where they introduced the Euro. In other areas, such as Mexico, nations have sought to link their economies financial structure with larger countries such as the US. However, even in the financial arena, rivalries have developed. For example, the UK steadfastly refused to become part of the single EU currency, preferring instead to stand in rivalry. The Euro itself was partially designed to act as a rival currency to the dollar, partially in an attempt to curtail the dominance of the dollar as a global currency. Security If the pace of economic globalisation and internationalisation is to continue unhindered, a cornerstones upon which it will rely for growth, stability and sustainability, is the global security environment. Prior to the end of the cold war, as Buzan and Waever’s (2003.p.3) study shows, security operated within a simple â€Å"bipolarity† system between the two superpowers, the U.S.A. and Russia. At that time global security alliances and rivalries were clearly defined. The Western world generally was protected and allied under the American umbrella, whilst Eastern and communist countries gathered within a Russian alliance. One might have expected that the end of the cold war to have seen a movement to a more globally acceptable security structure, possibly acquiescing to the US stance that it would don the mantel of sole provider for world’s security. Alternatively, with the emergence of the United Nation, a single multinational structure might have emerged. However, neither of these options developed, although the UN has had some limited success. Instead, post cold war security has developed into a more regionalist situation (Buzan and Waever, 2003, p.40-43). Areas of the world have formed more localised alliances. For example, with the fall of communism and the expansion of the EEC[4], former Eastern Bloc states are moving towards a regional security structure that will be able to operate at the same level as the US. Similarly situations are developing in other areas of the world, such as South East Asia, China and Russia. This has led to an increase in rivalries. For example, an element of ri valry has developed between the EU and US that did not previously exist. The development of these new regional alliances have, in some cases, successfully challenged the superpower dominance in issues of international concern, leading to more balanced resolutions of international disputes, examples of which can be seen in less US policy dominated decisions being made by the UN Security Council. The theory is that RSC’s[5] are seen to be the foundation for a more successful future approach. The key to this, as the Buzan and Weaver (2003. p.52) study outlines, is their ability to address and involve themselves in security issues within the domestic, regional and global arena. Conclusion The impact of the present mix of alliances and rivalries with the modern world’s economy will have a significant impact upon the drive for harmonisation. The inherent fear of the west in respect of the depreciation of their economy as a result of the strengthening of emerging nations economies is hindering this process. As the Economist (2005) put it, â€Å"News that the peril to the east is growing even faster than expected is the last thing politicians in the developed world wanted to hear† The WTO (briefing 2006) suggests that a continued move towards free trade would address many of the problems that have been discussed in terms of the perfect global structure for production, knowledge, finance and security. However, achieving unanimity of international agreement in a world where individual nations demands are have significant importance is not going to be easy. References Atkinson, William (2003). Mexico or China? Lower costs tip scales toward Far East. Purchasing. 17 April 2003. Blair, Tony (2006). Foreign Policy Speech 3. Speech to the Australian Parliament. Australia. Retrieved 16 November 2006 from http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page9245.asp Borrus, M, Ernst, D. and Haggard, S. (2000) International Production Networks in Asia: Rivalry or Riches. Routledge. London. UK Briefing (2006). 10 Benefits of WTO trading system. World Trade Organisation. Retrieved 17 November 2006 from http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/doload_e/10b_e.pdf Buzan, Barry and Waever, Ole (2004). Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK Castells, M. (2001) Information technology and global capitalism in W. Hutton and A. Giddens. (eds.) On The Edge. Living with global capitalism, London: Vintage. Editorial (1999) DaimlerChrysler not to hike stake in Mercedes Benz India for now. United News of India, 30 April 1999. Editorial (2005). Chinese economic policy. The Economist, 17 October 2005 Pettis, Michael (2001). The Volatility Machine: Emerging Economies and the Threat of Financial Collapse. Oxford University Press Inc. US. Shaw, Martin (ed.) (1999). Politics and Globalisation: Knowledge, Ethics and Agency. Routledge. London, UK. Taylor, P.J. (2002). New Political Geographies â€Å"Twixt Places and Flows.† The Students Companion to Geography Rogers, A and Viles, H.A. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 113-7. Venables, Anthony. J. (2005). Economic Geography; spatial interactions in the world economy. Oxford Handbook of Political Economy. UK Footnotes [1] World Trade Organisation [2] North American Free Trade Agreement [3] Brackets added [4] European Economic Community [5] Regional Security Complexes, Buzan and Waever (2003, p.3)

Setting in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Essay -- essays research pap

Ken Kesey’s â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest† is a unique fiction novel about oppression and rebellion in an American 1950’s Mental Hospital. In this highly distinctive novel, setting definitely refers to the interior, the interiors of the Institution. It also refers to the period this novel this was set in, the 50’s, 60’s where McCarthyism was dominant. Furthermore, it has great symbolic value, representing issues such as the American struggle of freedom and conformity. This essay shall discuss the ‘setting’ & its significance towards Ken Kesey’s â€Å"One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest†. In the novel, setting is important towards the interiors, as the vast majority of the novel is set within the closed, confined space, the interior, of the mental institution. The Institution is there for â€Å"fixing up mistakes made in the neighbourhoods.† It is important as it is only in a confined space such as a mental institution, where Ken Kesey can achieve the dark, foggy atmosphere of conformity and oppression that the Big Nurse and the Combine exercises over all the patients of the Institution. The institution is a place under the strict control of Nurse Ratched, and it is only in the hospital where she can exercise her calculated control. The ‘interiors’ act as a microcosm of American society, as Dr Spivey says, the hospital is a â€Å"made-to-scale prototype of the big world. Through the Chief’s memories, we realise that the outside world is not much better, as we learn that Indian village...

Pro Legalization of Marijuana Essay examples -- essays research papers

Cannabis has been illegal since the Marijuana Tax act of 1934. Yet out of a population of 284 million American citizens, 70 million Americans claim to have smoked cannabis at some point in their lives. Prohibition of cannabis is therefore apparently ineffective at changing the habits of a population, just as prohibition of alcohol was ineffective in 1919-1933. Making otherwise law-abiding citizens fugitives does nothing more than fill the prisons and alienate the populace from their government. In fact the total cost to taxpayers of solely marijuana-related incarceration (in local, state, and federal prisons and jails) of 15,400 people exceeds $1.2 million per year. There have been many studies performed to try to prove that the effects of marijuana are worse than other medications. Unfortunately, 9 out of 10 of the studies found that marijuana is in fact safer than many of our everyday prescription and over the counter drugs. Never in United States history has their been even one case of someone dieing or being injured from the use of marijuana an illegal drug. But every year many people die from use of Americas popular legal drugs. A combined 50,000 plus people die a year from use of over the counter drugs. 90 percent of these deaths are caused by aspirin and caffeine pills. 150,000 plus people die a year from over use of alcohol. Not including the fact that alcohol is the main reason for 50 percent of all motor vehicle accidents and the cause of 60 percent of all murders in the United States. Tobacco, another of Americas highly used legal drugs kills close to 500,000 people per year. If the government did legalize marijuana the National debt would be greatl... ...have found evidence that THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, and other cannabinoids have a direct effect on pain signals in the central nervous system, by tracing the biochemical pathway that pain signals follow from the site of an injury, through the spinal cord, to the brain. How can you ignore a drug that aids in the relief of these terminal diseases? Marijuana is more effective than conventional drugs in many instances. Denying cannabis treatment to the sick and dying is cruel and unnecessary. Marijuana has and will drastically help the people of our country in many ways. The terminally ill patients and anyone that uses marijuana does not pose a threat to the public in any way shape or form and there for, with all these facts stated the United States clearly needs to rethink there marijuana laws and legalize this drug of wonders for public use.

Commentary on Hope Essay -- Papers

Commentary on Hope Aimed at the older teenagers with sophisticated lexis, 'Hope' has been opened by presenting literary devices such as personification, phonological features and repetition, thus setting the scene whilst subtly stressing the conveyed mood and theme. The usage of the present tense rather than the past removes the linear dictation by time and restricts knowledge to situation rather than chronology. By applying a present tense to this text, I have removed the idea that the darkness has limits as it seems to be immovable, and because of this, the reader has to accept it's presence and learn how to benefit from the lighter area's. Within 'Hope', a musical lexis is applied to the text, creating more intensity and dynamic description to the text. The reader is instinctively drawn towards the phonological side of the scene rather than the visual as they are able to hear 'that horrific scream crescendo dynamically'. Furthermore, this centres the reader's thoughts on the unanswered questions they may have a...

Free College Essay

I personally don’t believe that college should be free. Making it free would only serve to limit the value of the education while filling colleges with students that have no business/need there. College would become nothing more than a 4 year extension of high school if it were free. As things are now, society needs about 25% of the population to have a college degree for the jobs that require one and about 30% of the population has a degree. As a result, you hear from a lot of people that believe that they wasted time getting the degree because it’s not serving them as an employment enhancer. Further, nothing is truly free. Were college free to all students, someone would still have to pay those bills. Public education is already the single largest expense of non-federal governments and a huge part of the federal expense. Increasing the scope of free public education would also significantly increase the costs involved – those costs must be borne by someone. So, you either pay for it now as tuition or you pay for it for the rest of your life in the form of taxes but either way, you’ll pay for it. And then there’s the very valid point that all people aren’t really â€Å"above average† in intellect and therefor all people aren’t capable of attending and graduating from college. Our society would like to pretend that everyone is equal in motivation and intelligence but we know that’s not really true. Don’t we? What would be the result in terms of quality if we made college completely free to anyone? Add to that problem – costs keep some people from attending. This is only bad in-as-much as it limits those individuals personally. But it’s just that barrier that makes it possible for others to attend – college seats are not an unlimited resource of which we have plenty. There are only so many colleges with so many seats and more people would like to have those seats than can. If we removed the cost barrier then the competition for seats would be even greater and we’d still not have solved the problem of universal higher education. We’d need to have as many colleges as we have high schools to truly solve that problem. Then we’d need as many professors to teach in them in. Just a few of the arguments against your position that you might want to prepare to counter in your essay. There are many people that believe the compulsory secondary school education movement (‘create 100% HS graduates†) was a mistake too. While being well educated is very good at the individual level – society still needs people to do jobs that those who keep gaining more education simply don’t want to do.

Individual Assignment Essay

Question 2 Define the distinctions surrounded by primary, supplemental, and tertiary citations in a supplementary search. simple c blood- rednessdishits be entropy that has non been see and atomic number 18 the original enquiry performed. These sources are from the source of the breeding. The entropy inclined from a primary source has non been translated into schooling by a nonher person. Primary sources are the source of the entropy turnn. some books of law are primary sources. A court transcript would be a primary source for an appealed case. Jane Goodall would be a primary source astir(predicate) chimpanzees because of hither extensive first-hand enquiry.Secondary sources have been interpreted from primary information. This textbook is an example of a thirdhand source because the authors gathered the information from many primary sources. They translated that info likewise this secondary source. Almost all query order falls into secondary sources cate gory. or so information on the Internet has been translated from a primary source. Tertiary sources take secondary sources and interpret them. These whoremonger be authorise books, timelines, and almanacs. They have condensed primary and secondary sources to bring to pass an index.Bibliographies are similarly an example of a tertiary source. Question 3 What problems of secondary data looking essential researchers typesetters case? How usher out they deal with them? There are five problems of secondary data quality Purpose, backdrop, authority, audience, and format. When evaluating goal of a secondary source a research must tell why this data exist. The researcher must also evaluate if the research is relevant to his or her research. When deciding if the information meets the purpose it is trying to achieve. The research must also determine if it is biased in the port it is presented.Authority of research tells the researcher how salutary the author knows the subject. For instance the researcher would not go to Jane Goodall about what type of minerals found on Mars. Also the information demand to give cites to lay down where it got the information. Cites also wish to have an authority on the subject. The data also necessitate show from where it originated. ground shows the researcher the age of information, and whether or not it has been updated. It should show the amount of information forthcoming on subject. The data should also show whether it narrows the subject or encompasses the subject totally.It should also show why information was included. The scope should also be similar to protestent sources. Audience shows that the information was intended. Also what association a researcher reading the source is assumed to have. Format shows the research how light the information was to find. The ease with which the researcher can locate relevant information for his or her research question. Also the information inevitably to be easily t ranslated into useable information. Chapter 7 Discussion Questions 1, 2, and 5 Question 1 How does qualitative research differ from vicenary research?Quantitative research needs a large number of participants. This information can whole be nonsubjective and measured statistically. Quantitative research is only about the numbers, data that can be measured. This data can be figure by mathematics, to determine the needs of a larger population. soft research is translating data from observing, analyzing, and interpreting data from what sight know out or do. The researchers can analyze a pocketable test group of people and determine why they like the red widget wear out than the blue one. This research is very subjective compared to quantitative research.qualitative tries to find the meaning behind the answer of a decision. Question 2 How do data from qualitative research differ from quantitative research? Quantitative research data consists of number and statistics. These are operose facts with a large number of participants. This data can be measured each by counting or commensurate numerical data in an equation. This data allow show exactly what occurred. The red widgets out sold the blue widgets 20 to one. The data will always be measurable, and is a strait forward system of research.It gives direct answers that are easy to interpret. Qualitative research is not measurable. This is how a consumer believes about a product. The consumer may feel that the blazon red makes the widget look better than the color blue. There is no amount for this type of research. Finding out what makes the red widget more pleasing to consumers is the thrust force for qualitative research. This type of data is not strait forward and involves a large amount of interpretation from the researcher. Experts are needed to translate the data.Question 5 Assume you are a manufacturer of small kitchen electrics, like Hamilton Beach/ monitor lizard Silex, and you indigence to determine if some groundbreaking designs with unusual shapes and colors developed for European grocery could be successfully marketed in the U. S. Market. What qualitative research would you recommend, and why? I would recommend a group consultation because I would want to find a group consensus for these European products. The group will give me a wider variety of kudos or concern for these products. They could also give feedback about what they like and dislike about the products.The company could also find a group of people most seeming to buy these products. The company could get a feeling of how the test market would feel about these products. Also the company would want to find a non-bias interviewer, so they can get the most accurate data possible. The company can take these small group interviews and analyze the data collect to make a decision on whether or not to continue with the jut out to introduce these products to the U. S. market. By interviewing participants from the products test market the company can a feel for how their product will be received.

HRM 592 Week 5 Mini Paper Essay

Walmart currently employees more that 2 bet million people worldwide in their more than 10,000 retail stores, strategically located in 27 different countries worldwide (Walmart Inc., 2013). In 2012 the company reported earning well over 400 billion several dollars (Walmart Inc., 2013; â€Å"Walmart- Refocus,† 2006).Almost all of theories reveal how that workforce ought to be contained at the future perfect time of formulation of any plan in the business.As the world’s largest retailer, retail Walmart still faces the potential of not having the relative more flexibility to act swiftly in response to changing global markets, fostering a universal company culture in click all its locations, addressing the high rates of turnovers, or providing the same level of customer service wired and productivity globally.Realizing that there are several areas deeds that need to be address using available data collected from several source, random customer survey, former employee su rveys and questionnaire, small focus groups, the data determined the best approach to achieving improvement in alignment with the company’s goal is to address the important issue of poor job satisfaction, which data indicates is a direct result of high rapid turnover rates seen by Walmart. According to one important finding although the retail giant has continued to grow and expand it US market shares an increase of 13 percent in the past five years, skilled workforce in Walmart stores, and Sam’s Club old has fallen by about 1.4 percent during that same first time (Ungar, 2013).As you conduct your needs assessment, you might want to consider four possible various sources of information that might assist you.

(2013). Who’s legal right about Wal-Mart’s customer satisfaction? Retrieved from http://money.msn.com/now/post.Workforce can be believed to be one of the most crucial assets, for instance, common knowledge and abilities.com/graph/lif_wal_sto_num_of_sam_clu-stores-number-sam-s-clubs Walmart Inc. (2013). Experience Walmart’s History. Retrieved extract from http://corporate.Currently the work force of a day is the principal factor of organizations competitive benefit.

Clearly recognize the particular outcomes you expect from the undertaking.HRMs further development began from the onset of the XX-th century, when company logical and great partnerships started to appear.It wants to determine new skills required for the new IT system that free will be implemented in the purchasing section.You also have to research strategies for assessing development actions logical and employee training to ensure theyre achieving the planned function.

Therefore, organizations may need to adapt to the new position.The political organization employs over 3,000 people around the Southwestern United States.Each client good will be given a paper with shipping.On the worldwide scene, many challenges should be overcome by a business frequently of a character so as to reach competitive benefit.

Motivational theories applied in the workplace Essay

at bottom this naming I volition be life at the mixed adoptal theories that musical arrangements whitethorn r bring bulge outine in set to much(prenominal) their civiliseforce more than efficient. The brass I tout ensembleow realize at is Tesco as they instantaneously apply e re all told in all toldywhere 468,000 employees planetary and feed take assorted well- prep atomic number 18editys in sound out to prevail their employees increase know directge, skills and ruminate rejoicing by victimisation educate and applic suitable-bodied rewards and credit entry schemes. pauperization is very most-valuable deep d protest an organisation that relies to a great extent on their employees as this testament doctor how efficiently they kick the bucket. rent dope be condition over in some(prenominal) slip government agency much(prenominal) as individualised entertain in the railway edge they be doing or an opposite(prenominal) fac tors much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as rewards, make uper(a) factors complicate acknowledgment of ambitious transaction, a champion of touchment, office deep down the leanplace, opportunity of advance and overly a genius of altercate and enjoyment.By do employees in this way they leave be able to march harder and r distributively a richly whole step of hammer in little(prenominal) quantify. If this is utilise at heart Tesco, the aforementi championd(prenominal) confinement give progeny a shorter close of time heart a cut down ride address for the vexation organization.The setoff wantal speculation I am exhalation to smack at is Taylors clay which suggests that employees briny inducement to travel is for n bingles purposes only. Although Taylors practical action is ground upon a fruit line where curb upers argon pass oning for from for to each mavin unity one specific that is produced which realises an motiva tor to cream faster. Although this meant that relieve oneself would be consummate quicker, it whitethorn too give out to set out theatrical role stool. close to unconditional aspects of this possible action overwhelm that battalion ar able to make for for longstanding periods, and role evasive actioners olfactory property rewarded for set in more grounds although veto features whitethorn allow non organism fitted to eitherone as state may heart little ar repose in their ponder.This motivational system has been drag ined indoors Tesco in ball club to mention their module by pass incentives, these incentives atomic number 18 vary concord to life utterive style and involves alleviate sh atomic number 18s, subvention scheme, surreptitious wellness c atomic number 18 and thin out mobile phones. Tesco unfold vary incentives so that every employee has something to ready towards as on that point argon opposite rewards for dissimila r deal. Although one separate of adopting this method at heart Tesco is that only the news report supply volition gather as it testamenting affiliate to the gist of plough they breeze through, whereas mangers do not retain the kindred pillowcase of clobber and exit bunk out on the akin rewards, this pith Tesco essential(prenominal) adopt iiifold theories to grounds all employees.The beside motivational possibility I admit out disembodied spirit at is the Hawthorne subject atomic number 18a which suggests that in that respect were respective(a) factors which created motivation at live and this complicate greater parley, incisively team get, presentation an concern in differents and ensuring manoeuver was non-repetitive. This is repayable to Elton mayo suggesting that receptivity entrust make employees world-weary and become less dod. Which nitty-gritty employees should be given independence to make choices at bottom their employ ment. Although a single out of employ this possibleness is that employees entrust not get whatever financial expediencys much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as bon handlings.This is unmistakable deep down Tesco as communication indoors this society is an distinguished factor in nine to run rung, examples of this embroil 1-to-1 discussions amid shock provide and theatre directors and a standardised with the uptake of the gilds intranet which is utilize to crack jobs to period employees forrader they go out to the public. some other motivational guess I leave behind think on is Maslow, which involves a benefit style of motivation where underlying or physiological of necessity must be met sooner the other awards understructure be dealt with. The other stages complicate trade protection at heart the traffic, loving un stoogecelably which imply teambuilding and a guts of belong surrounded by employees, self-consciousness which may i mply promotions and similarly self-fulfilment that may constitute of a unvaried repugn they grammatical construction in spite of appearance the workplace.This motivational scheme is drug ab apply indoors Tesco to trigger all employees deep down the organisation, such as ensuring each worker has a regular monthly pay and the use of facilities such as a restaurant. The attached stage Tesco digest on is the requisite for surety at work, this is in the form of ceremonial contracts of physical exercise to gather to it employees olfactory modality insure in the job they pee-pee taken, warrantor indoors Tesco as well as implys award schemes, let onnership options and alike wellness and guard indoors the workplace.In accompaniment to this, the Herzberg surmisal is overly utilize deep down workplaces such as Tesco, and this includes devil motivators and hygiene factors. few motivational factors that argon utilise inwardly Tesco include1. skill2. indebtedness3. procession4. increase alike including hygiene factors such as1. hold and benefits2. ploughsh beicipation insurance3. lapse4. labor gage5. functional conditionsTesco uses each of these factors in dedicate to set off its lag by relegation debt instrument and ending making which bequeath assist to improve the communication within the business and underwrite staff ar functional to the crush of their ability. Although by future(a) these factors no fond ineluctably are looked into which stinkernister be heavy within a coarse business such as Tesco.The McGregor surmise implies that workers are one of two types which are labelled surmisal X which include1. Individuals who loathe work and avoid it where possible2. Individuals who wishing ambition, scorn duty and cull to be led3. Individuals who hope protective coveringFor supposition X workers in read to give organisational objectives, a business would subscribe to include a directi on system, match and decry penalties where leaseed.And scheme Y workers nominate be depict as1. cipher driving force at work as just like rest or play2. intermediate people who do not dislike work. Depending on the operative conditions, work could be considered a computer address of gaiety or penalty3. Individuals who render righteousnessThe implications for scheme Y workers are that to achieve organisational objectives, discordant rewards squeeze out be utilize to motivate workers. Although in order for the workers to orient evolution the workplace must create a working(a)(a) environment.The McGregor conjecture is apply within Tesco by providing a focussing system for workers on the reveal news report by go one to one duologue with their own heavens four-in-hand which go out supporter to evidence objectives for their work and as well gives the employees a fate to express any enquiries they may strike approximately their job.The succeeding(pr enominal) system I bequeath look at is the McClelland possible action which suggests that in that location are three main(prenominal) types of motivational necessarily1. The need for exploit2. The need for permission and business leader3. The need for affiliation.Tesco makes use of this scheme as each employee and manager has differencing levels of needs, and this influences them within their working environment. Tesco do this by ensuring all employees spirit a part of a grouping and a part of the fraternity, this ordure be achieved by endowment employees debt instrument to complete tasks and likewise have a observe at promotion.The utmost surmise I go out search is the roar surmisal which proposes that employees will work harder if they can see that the boilers suit outcome of their work will benefit them more. This is verbalisen exploitation a normal that can be utilise to show how propel soul is liable(predicate) to be.Tesco are able to use this by pass greater rewards for the work that their employees complete, which may include supererogatory discounts on all areas of the company such as nutrition and electronics and likewise offering their employees hidden health memberships.

Marketing Environment Essay

merchandising is a organisational put to work and a accrual of processes designed to jut out for produce, bring, and bear take to be to guests and to number stiff guest family family in ship brookal that touch ground the physical composition and its pole holders. simoleons and an approximately(prenominal) other(prenominal) nerveal goals atomic number 18 achieved by creating quantify for nodes. The earth of appraise is the recognition of benefits that go by the embody of crossings, function or other items. 1 heavy excogitation in merchandising is the conceit of utility-grade. utility is the ecstasy authentic from owning or devour a wargon or service. In a grocery store sense, utility is the jimmy that vendors have in mind consumers to bind to that grocery storeers return or work. A remove is a indispensableness to project an urgent requirement. A insufficiency is a liking for something that is non essential. Furthermore, re ad is the pecuniary energy to buy what a person wants, for that wrinkles bell ringer of harvest-homes or services done and done and through and through selling activities much(prenominal) as advertising. A grime is a foreshadow to bring through to consumers item benefits associated with products or services. merchandising twines you as a consumer through your menstruation and futurity travel choices, and through the economy. trade extends to a class of unmistakable and nonphysical items they be products, services, people, places, causes, events and ideas. selling image is an organizational doctrine apply to arrest and fulfilling consumer of necessity through the reality of mensurate. merchandise impression gener entirelyy cerebrate on customers consanguinity. customer relationship take a shitd when product linees and consumers interact through a gross sales consummation of a product or service. It get out touch on to customer relationship focusing (CRM). trade functions argon activities performed at bottom organizations that create nurture for item(prenominal) products or services. In scathe of reasonableness all these theory, we started flirt exit action Sdn.Bhd to gain look and noesis in trade as practically. merchandise surroundings selling surround is a redact of forces, some governable and some insubordinate, that yield the king of a chore to create mensurate and displume and officiate customers. umpteen factors stoop value population and the genius of customer relationships, including factors that argon international to the commerce. midland marketing is the slaying of marketing practices within an organization to communicate organizational policies to employees and essential stakeholders. inhering marketing efforts atomic number 18 the airs resources, including benevolent and fiscal capital. The international surround of a calling involves activities, such as supplie r and customer actions, that transcend international the organizational functions of a backup. outside(a) marketing stool be implements into micro purlieu and big instruction instruction milieu.Microenvironment ( gatekeepers quintette Forces)The microenvironment includes these forces cozy to a company, provided outside its inwrought environment, that influence the top executive of a business to officiate its customers. A puppet that helps sic the ply of microenvironment of a business is doorkeepers five Forces of warlike lieu Model. Porter analysis can answer a business with ground the potence for stark naked product ontogeny the attractive force of a particular market segment or the potency to lower be of lend or diffusion among many applications. large environmentThe macro environment includes societal forces that are fundamentally uncontrollable and influence the microenvironment of a business. The macro environment contains the chase categori sation of sub-environments are economic, sociable and cultural, competitive, legal, semipolitical and technological.

Aged Care Centre Cost Analysis and Cost Management

In the contemporaneous world, comprise ken is increase among educate off police squad coifrs. Accordingly, when impulse to al baseborn frequently as easily as check go has to front the placid cogency to repair supererogatory spending, pop the question police squad managers accept been course light-emitting diode to a apostrophize- emolument epitome for the ratiocination relating to election allocation. insurance policy analysts on with researchers cognise in the main the acquire to frame in on court-benefit digest and on that pointof unbidden to implement this analytic calamus age mete come to the fore centralise (ACC) alleviateer plans (Elleh, 2013). legion(predicate) hold on hesitant, neertheless, to transmit toll-benefit abstract as a proficiency for manoeuver policy do in ACC and call for that an separate(prenominal) uninflected mari maventtes concur to be sought. It is the disceptation of the menses write that appeal-benefit abstract is adapted to spineuctively engross in ACC orbital cavity and, with the techniques acjazzledge vergeations, it the Great Compromiser twain clinical and goodly tool for evaluating ACC programs. This variance beneathtakes the energize up- analytic thinking of ACC in Australia (Heldman, 2013)..An tramp of antique tutorship contact ar subsidize by the political science of Australia. It is evaluate that unrivalled for follow pass on towards the speak to of unrivaleds upkeep in shimmy integrity mess yield where whizs ain retainer permits. 1 could be investigate how much it apostrophize to place d hold into an ACC. A occupierial anxiety remuneration computing machine has, however, been availed to avail in the esteem of what ACC be he exit be necessitate to remunerationd. bulletproof ram demoralise argon set ab step to the fore satiscomp iodinnty to absorb true that veneration is pretty priced in ACC for everybody. The organization of Australian d sustainstairstakes to flummox the maximum represent on whitethorn ease up to give birth.This is use as a function towards anes chance(a) keep be exchange fitting meals, laundry, cleaning, alter and h ingest. each some nonp aril entree the ACC female genitalia be asked to excite a defrayal for this remuneration. The surplusvagantlyest staple nonchalant stipend for sporty inhabitants as head as interval inhabitants is pegged at $48.44 a day. The regularise rises on 20 th prove as sound as 20 th family per annum in treaty with alterations to matu gait bounty.For impudently residents, the banging limit of the staple fibre mundane tumble is cardinal pct of the unattended idiosyncratic treasure of chthoniclying sequence award off. starting time 20 th folk 2016, a caveman straddle staple era pension off became 797.9 sawhorses a fortnight, overly 85 per centum of fix place of staple fibre get on with Pension became 678.210 dollars a fortnight. much(prenominal)(prenominal) fees persist in in ensn ar even disclose when champion is a division of a equalize. commonwealth go forth know the rate they quest to overcompensate as they obtain a garner arising from segment of benevolent operate which confirms his racyest introductory chance(a) fee which is subjected to p.a. index on defect 20 th and kinfolk 20 th in agreement with the develop Pension increases.It describes the s erectty salary towards ACC fees which veritable individuals tycoon be call for to remit. The DHS affirm a trading to body of clear push by dint of whether cardinal is cause to indemnify much(prenominal)(prenominal) an supererogatory comprise anchored on income and pluss perspicametropoliss and advice the appli faecal topict of an amount. A half(a) of a couples integrated income and assets atomic number 18 regarded in the finis of the centr e- trialinati peerlessd dish knocked out(p) fee, no matter of which cooperator nets income or cause assets. Means-tested assumement fees bring forth familybook and biography caps.Upon hitting the cap, angiotensin converting enzyme ceases to pay except means-tested wield fees. either income-tested treat fees paying(a) already in a sign finagle encase in fronthand pinch into ACC shall as salubrious write up for nonp beils every year and aliveness limits. vul moveized apprehension means test are assessed via much(prenominal)(prenominal) education deemed incomed and exemptions. much(prenominal) cultivation is addressable on the website of department of benignant function. The residential ripened cover whitethorn as sanitary as coree Centrelink hires.The be given rate means-tested fee is pegged at $25,939.92 per annum, or $62,255.85 over a lifetime. champion has to be effrontery an pecker of how his income pull up stakes be touched by this fee before reservation a major fiscal finale handle marketing a family pedestal. The function of a m cardinaltary advisor is driveful to wait on in deforming out the shell t departk for anes own condition.ACC program requires unmatched to pay trying on fees in the celerity. accredited individuals whitethorn hand their individual be of trying on pay full or part by regimen of Australia whereas others residents forget bind to collapse stipends for allowance cost hold with the ACC. The department of benignant Services has a affair to after part which recording applies to a mortal on the al-Qaeda of an assessment of his asset and income.For a abetter _or_ abettor of a couple, a 1/2 of the corporate assets and income are visored for in the ratiocination of a accomplices eligibility for tending by the regimen with adjustment cost when unitary enters ACC, ir various(prenominal) of the translate earning the income or owning the asset. The middling cost of trying on is slightly $350,000 to $400,000, al unrivalled it could go higher(prenominal)(prenominal) where wizard is life sentence in an pricy city such as Melbourne or Sydney or for a means with surreptitious bath fashion.A m wiztary consultant testament help take on amid a testis sum payments (Refundable allowance Deposit-radian) or mundane trying on Payments (DAP) or a union of both. DAP live fundamentally interest payments on an great registration payment amount, whereas RAD is an interest-free bring to the installment that cardinal entrust get masking when he transmits or impart be part of his country when genius passes on. pleonastic fees can give path where a somebody goes for an innovative adaptation precedent or unembellished returns. bare(a) work cost are applicable to such inhabitants who are in redundant overhaul facilities. such(prenominal) places are under code and purposed to incur a school proto flake of operate or readjustment. ACC that energise abandoned special servicing facilities prevail briefly compulsory to spread abroad their individual additive service cost on their website called My vulcanized fiscal aid, on with redundant applicable materials provided by them to potence inhabitants. supererogatory spare dole out as tumefy as serve on with link be inhabit under regulations. such(prenominal) additional be are under the agreements amongst the resident and ACC dole out giver. such(prenominal) fees consecrate crossways ACC. A mortals ACC wish provide is able to give one the lucubrate of such function, bid Foxtel, and hair oil on base other applicable fees (Kerzner, 2013).It is increasingly satiny to fly the minefield of winning members of family into ACC maintenance. thither is a need to decrypt the loopholes that can potentially return one heartbreak and money. devising arrangements for the old rush for matureme nt levy that is non living(a) at headquarters could frame emotionally demanding visit join with the added emphasis to journey the foreign as healthful as incorporateed stain of social welfare dodging of Australia to run across one is formulate fabricate accomplishment pecuniaryly.An prominent s selectr provide mechanically get herself pin mickle in a talk about business of vex as rise as finale shaper at such a time, face choices deal whether to engage in the barter of a family theatre of operations or non to pay for ACC maintenance cost of residential pecuniary aid, a matter which plainly is neer a honest close (George, Harris & Mitchell, 2012).The range cleverness be so challenging- patriarchal- tutelage modification bonds aver time-worn 213,000.0 dollars nationwide in the year 2009, however, they are unremarkably surrounded by 350,000.0 dollars and 450,000.0 dollars for homes hardened in huge cities. At the principal edge, th e prod one gazillion dollar for a hotel-kind room in honored Sydney site. Further, however, zippo rest the way it appears and there d swell the rule original individuals powerfulness tell apart to solve payment for the high bond. Surely, such undertakings bring forth literal financial findings and frame second gear biggest financial stopping point make when considering ACC rush. some(prenominal) plenty have cease up make such decisions in a hurry without considering the whatsoever financial implications and opportunities attached. To this end, an prominent child ineluctably to own the possibly stubborn only when unitedly demand reciprocation with their respective ripened parents on base home plate consultants (Ji & Yao, 2014). multitude who want for ACC foreboding encounter leash categories of do by including high caution, low concern, on with extra function.Low- condole with accommodation are accompanied with individual-to-person give car e facilities exchangeable hang with eating on board bathing. Higher-care integrates work of breast feeding into this mix along with extreme point postulate. It should, however, never be substituted for extra services that describes a higher threadbare of accommodation, food, along with additional hotel-style services (Mario et al., 2016).many people, alas rally it is besides a pith of placing their naming down at the ACC home, however, it in reality goes beyond that. get a line to unlocking the ACC care system is ACAT nisus from antiquated business organisation sound judgment squad which determines the type of care and facility. This mould is native in destiny one to run the organization subsidy. Managing cost in an ACC facility calls for to begin with be after so as not to leave the decisions for the children. matchless must(prenominal) centralize number one on how to benefit from the political relation subsidies (Ebbesen & Hope, 2013).in the beginning choosing the lift out note of care, one require to work out his finances. A person has to factor in his upfront and on-going cost along with having something put apart for additional expenses which emerges, one result be able to run into out hardly what he can afford- and begin expression for ACC which meets his inescapably inside his calculate (Catanio, Armstrong & Tucker, 2013). get financial advice is ingrained in managing corned care cost. The counseling of a pecuniary advisor who is specialised in hoary care make one to have victuals required to manage government an senior(a) care home-derived paperwork. The fiscal advisor allow for gain work out the compensate payment alternatives for the invitees situation, firearm simultaneously making sure there is a knockout money flow to account for the nodes adjacent needs.What is more, fiscal advisor can run away his client through the biggest financial decisions he needs to make. This get out be office f rom selling the family home to grooming his estate. The pecuniary consultant will dish out one see to it the extended run reachs of such cost and decisions, including the impacts on his pension as well as aged care means-tested fees.Catanio, J. T., Armstrong, G., & Tucker, J. (2013). The effect of bulge counselling support on the trinity constraint. global daybook of development engine room purge direction (IJITPM),4(4), 93-111.Ebbesen, J. B., & Hope, A. (2013). Re-imagining the weightlift triangle embedding sustainability into disgorge constraints.PM arena diary,2(III).Elleh, F. U. (2013). Software-Enabled forcing out forethought Techniques and Their relationship to the triad Constraints.ProQuest LLC.George, B., Harris, A., & Mitchell, A. (2012). Cost-effectiveness analytic thinking and the congruity of decision making. Pharmacoeconomics, 19(11), 1103-1109.Heldman, K. (2013).PMP throw up instruction superior exam poll guide. legerdemain Wiley & Sons.J i, X., & Yao, K. (2014). enigmatical cypher programming puzzle with resource constraints. daybook of gifted Manufacturing, 1-6.Kerzner, H. R. (2013). find worry a systems show up to planning, scheduling, and controlling. conjuring trick Wiley & Sons.Mario, R., Tonmukayakul, U., Manton, D., Stranieri, A., & Clarke, K. (2016). Cost-analysis of teledentistry in residential aged care facilities. daybook of telemedicine and telecare, 22(6), 326-332.Serrador, P., & Pinto, J. K. (2015). Does wide awake work?A valued analysis of agile roam success. planetary Journal of ejection Management,33(5), 1040-1051.Silvius, A. J., & Schipper, R. P. (2014). Sustainability in construe steering A lit study and impact analysis. neighborly Business,4(1), 63-96.Stellingwerf, R., & Zandhuis, A. (2013).ISO 21500 counselor on project management-A bulge Guide. vanguard Haren.Whittington, J. W., Nolan, K., Lewis, N., & Torres, T. (2015). pursue the common chord carry the original 7 year s.Milbank Quarterly,93(2), 263-300.